Pi and its Importance in Design

• Pi is mathematical constant, the ratio of circle's circumference to its diameter.
• The mathematician Archimedes used polygons and determined that approximate value of pi is 22/7 i.e. 3.14159.

Importance of Pi in Design

John Taylor was first who proposed the idea to incorporate pi into the design of the Great Pyramid of Khufu at Giza.

It is also used by engineers who designs pipes, tires, tubes, utensils watches etc.

Uses of Pi

• Clock designers, when designing pendulums for clocks.
• Biochemists, when trying to understand the structure of DNA.
• Aircraft's designers, to calculate areas of the skin of the aircraft's.
• Statisticians to track population. 

Examples

Notes

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Focus in Pictures

Focus in pictures means pictures should be used to describe about anything.

There is a saying that 'a picture worth a thousand words', which means to describe about a thing in picture is easy and understandable than in words.

Why a Picture is Worth a Thousand Words?

• We humans are largely responsive to visual pictures than words or text.
• Images convey more information about what you are talking in powerful way.
• For example, it is easy to remember a famous brand by its image than by its name in words.

Examples

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Golden Ratio

• In mathematics, two quantities are said to be in golden ratio if the ratio of two quantities is equal to the ratio of their sum to the larger quantity.
• Golden ratio is common mathematical ratio found in nature that can be used to create pleasing, natural looking compositions in design work.

                  Where  Φ Greek letter.

• Golden ratio is also called as golden mean or golden section or divine proportion etc.
• Golden ratio is applied in many  aspects like geometry, physics, painting, nature, in design of sculptures etc.

Examples

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Breathing Space

• Breathing space is the space which left unused in the document or page or around an object.
• It is an important element of design for good reason.

What is White Space?

• White space is referred as negative space many times, which is portion of page left unmarked or blank.
• White space need not be white , it can be filled with any color as long as it is free from any text or images.

Why White Space Matters?

• White space is  a fundamental element  of design for good reason,
• If it is used well, it can transform a design and provide benefits.
• Depending upon the view of individual, white space matters whether it may be positive or negative. 

Example 01

Example 02

Benefits of White Space

• White space makes visuality better.
• It speeds up interaction.
• White space guides users around your page.

Notes

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Names to the Left

• In typography, alignment is the specific and important feature.
• In English, most of the words are read from left to right so these names are aligned to the left.

• Left alignment of names is default style in most of the applications or places like excel sheet.

• Left aligned names can be read easily.

 Examples

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Numbers Totaled

• Numbers totaling means adding or grouping or performing any operation to make them into one number.

• Decimal numbers should be aligned such that their decimal point should match. So that performing arithmetic operations will become easy.

Examples

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Numbers Always to the Right

• In the design of document or sheet numbers are always aligned to right.

• Right alignment of numbers is possible by checking whether units place, tens place, hundreds place, . . . .  etc. of all numbers are matched correctly or not.

Example of Right Alignment of Numbers

• Above example shows the right alignment of numbers by perfectly matching their places.

Advantages

• Easy to understand or also to increase number without checking it.
• Easy to perform arithmetic operations.
• Increases readability and comparability.

Examples

Notes

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